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Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and COVID-19, have both impacted global health, but they differ significantly in their characteristics and effects on the body
HMPV virus (Reuters Image/Representative Image))
As respiratory viruses continue to circulate, it’s essential to understand their differences and similarities. Two such viruses, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and COVID-19, have both impacted global health, but they differ significantly in their characteristics and effects on the body. Dr Mohit Bhardwaj, Head of the Pulmonology Department, SHALBY Sanar International Hospitals, Gurugram, offers a comprehensive comparison of these two respiratory infections.
What Are HMPV and COVID-19?
HMPV and COVID-19 are both viral infections that target the respiratory tract, affecting both the upper and lower airways. Though they share some similarities in how they spread and affect the body, each virus has its distinct characteristics and patterns of infection.
When Were They Discovered?
HMPV was first identified in 2001, while COVID-19 was discovered much later, in December 2019. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, rapidly spread across the globe, resulting in a pandemic that changed the world as we know it.
Affected Populations
While both viruses can affect people of all ages, they tend to have different demographic patterns. HMPV primarily affects children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. On the other hand, COVID-19 tends to impact adults more frequently, although children and young adults are not exempt from its effects.
Seasonal Variations
HMPV outbreaks are most common during the winter months, aligning with the seasonality of many respiratory viruses. COVID-19, however, is not bound by seasons and can be transmitted year-round, making it a persistent threat throughout the year.
Symptoms: Mild vs. Severe
The symptoms caused by HMPV are typically mild, often resembling the common cold. These can include a runny nose, cough, and mild respiratory discomfort. However, in more severe cases, it can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in vulnerable populations.
COVID-19, on the other hand, presents a wider range of symptoms, including fever, sore throat, loss of smell and taste, and fatigue. In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to respiratory failure and other life-threatening complications. While many people recover from COVID-19 without severe symptoms, the virus can cause long-lasting effects, particularly in those with underlying health conditions.
Mode of Transmission
Both viruses spread through respiratory droplets, which means they can be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or close contact with an infected individual. This makes them both highly contagious, particularly in settings where people are in close proximity to one another.
Vaccination and Treatment
One of the key differences between the two viruses is the availability of a vaccine. There is no vaccine for HMPV as of now, which means prevention largely relies on good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure. In contrast, a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available and has proven effective in preventing severe illness and hospitalization.
While there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV, supportive care such as hydration, rest, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief can help manage the illness. COVID-19, depending on the severity of the case, may require antiviral treatments, hospitalization, and respiratory support.
Duration of Illness
HMPV infections tend to last from a few days to a few weeks in mild cases, with many individuals experiencing a swift recovery. COVID-19, however, can have symptoms that persist for much longer, with some individuals experiencing “long COVID” or prolonged symptoms for weeks or even months after the initial infection has subsided.
Though both HMPV and COVID-19 share some similarities, including their mode of transmission and effects on the respiratory system, they differ in terms of affected populations, symptoms, seasonal prevalence, and available treatments. Understanding these differences is crucial for managing and preventing the spread of these infections.
As always, individuals should take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others, including practicing good hygiene, wearing masks when needed, and seeking medical advice if they experience symptoms of either infection.