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The primary cause is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection
While not all HPV strains lead to cancer, persistent infections significantly increase the risk of developing cervical cancer, which can have profound effects on a woman’s reproductive health and fertility.
Cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in India, arises in the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The primary cause is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. While not all HPV strains lead to cancer, persistent infections significantly increase the risk of developing cervical cancer, which can have profound effects on a woman’s reproductive health and fertility.
Dr Jalagam Kavya Rao, Regional Medical Head & Fertility Specialist, Clinical Head & Fertility Specialist, Oasis Fertility shares everything you need to know about HPV and Cervical Cancer:
Impact of Cervical Cancer on Fertility
Cervical cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, can directly affect fertility. For instance, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is a common treatment for advanced cervical cancer and results in infertility. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can also damage the ovaries, affecting a woman’s ability to conceive naturally. Therefore, preventing cervical cancer through early detection and HPV vaccination is crucial not only for saving lives but also for preserving fertility and enabling women to plan for healthy pregnancies in the future.
Early Detection and Screening
Early detection is key to preventing cervical cancer and preserving fertility. Regular Pap smears and HPV tests can detect abnormal changes in the cervix at an early stage, allowing for timely intervention. Early treatment of precancerous conditions helps avoid more invasive procedures that could compromise a woman’s fertility. If detected early, many women can undergo treatments that allow them to retain their reproductive organs and maintain fertility.
The Role of the HPV Vaccine in Fertility Protection
The HPV vaccine provides robust protection against the most cancer-causing strains of the virus. Vaccination at an early age, ideally before the onset of sexual activity, significantly reduces the risk of developing HPV-related cervical cancer. By preventing the infection that leads to cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine also protects a woman’s fertility, allowing her to have the option of motherhood in the future. Vaccination is an important step in safeguarding both reproductive health and fertility for future generations.
Safe Practices and Lifestyle Choices to Safeguard Fertility
Practicing safe sexual habits, such as using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners, reduces the risk of HPV infection. In addition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—through a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management—strengthens the immune system, helping the body fight infections like HPV that can lead to cervical cancer and fertility issues.
Women should also be cautious of smoking, which not only weakens the immune system but also increases the risk of cervical cancer and can negatively affect fertility. Quitting smoking improves overall health, reduces cancer risk, and enhances the chances of conceiving when the time comes.
Family History and Fertility Considerations
Women with a family history of cervical cancer or other reproductive health issues should discuss this with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized prevention and screening plan. A strong family history may indicate an increased risk of cervical cancer, making regular screenings and early interventions even more important for both cancer prevention and fertility preservation.
By taking proactive steps such as regular screenings, practicing safe sexual habits, receiving the HPV vaccine, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, women can significantly reduce their risk of cervical cancer and protect their fertility.